In this session we will discuss how research into novel kidney biomarkers has expanded our understanding of kidney injury and function, and how these tools improve our understanding of how to identify changes earlier and manage disease more effectively for our canine and feline patients.

• Key Learning Objectives:
•     Review the tools available to assess renal health;
•     Recognise the difference between functional kidney biomarkers and kidney injury markers.
•     Understand which marker to choose – and when.
•     Describe biological variation in the context of overall kidney health;
•     Intra- and Inter-individual variability.
•     Biomarker improvement and how to proceed.
•     Staging and grading types of kidney disease;
•     Understand the relationship between chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, and vice versa.
•     Redefining “normal”.