Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a heterogeneous group of diseases with multiple aetiologies, characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion, inadequate insulin action or both. Our understanding and management of diabetes in humans has been closely linked with animals. Dogs, especially, have featured heavily in the history of the disease. In 1922, Banting, Macleod, Best and Collip were credited with the discovery of insulin, which has remained the cornerstone of DM management for the past century.

This session will look at the management and monitoring of canine and feline diabetes in 2025. There will be a reminder about the pathophysiology of diabetes. As our understanding of diabetes has evolved and new therapeutics have become available, we now find ourselves in an era where insulin is not necessarily required. The introduction of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in cats has turned the landscape for feline diabetes management on its head. And with it, how we monitor has changed from the traditional modalities employed.

We will look at the merits and limitations of the various diagnostic tests available and be reminded of the value of listening to the guardian and looking at the patient.